Formula Pill (Wan)

Da Xian Xiong Wan

Major Chest Draining Pill · 大陷胸丸

Also known as: Xiàn Xiōng Wán (陷胸丸, Sinking into the Chest Pill)

A classical formula from the Shang Han Lun used to drain heat and expel water from the chest, addressing severe chest and epigastric hardness, pain, neck stiffness, and constipation caused by heat and water binding in the chest.

Origin Shang Han Lun (伤寒论) — Hàn dynasty (Eastern Han), ~200 CE
Composition 4 herbs
Da Huang
King
Da Huang
Ting Li Zi
Deputy
Ting Li Zi
Mang Xiao
Assistant
Mang Xiao
Xing Ren
Envoy
Xing Ren
Explore composition

Educational content Consult qualified TCM practitioners for diagnosis and treatment

Patterns Addressed

In TCM, symptoms don't appear randomly — they cluster into recognizable patterns of disharmony that reveal what's out of balance in the body. Da Xian Xiong Wan is designed to correct these specific patterns.

Why Da Xian Xiong Wan addresses this pattern

Da Xian Xiong Wan specifically targets the heat-type of phlegm-fluids in the chest and hypochondrium, where heat and water bind together. The formula’s strong heat-draining and water-expelling actions directly break this pathological binding, relieving the hardness, pain, and neck stiffness that characterize the chest bind syndrome.

A practitioner would look for one or more of these signs

Chest Pain

Hardness and severe pain in the chest and epigastrium, worse with pressure

Epigastric Pain Worsen By Pressure

Epigastric pain and fullness aggravated by pressure

Neck Stiffness

Neck stiffness and rigidity, like a mild tetany

Constipation

Constipation with hard, dry stools

Spontaneous Sweating

Spontaneous sweating, often on the head and chest

Commonly Prescribed For

These conditions can arise from the patterns above. A practitioner would consider Da Xian Xiong Wan when these conditions are specifically caused by those patterns — not for all cases of these conditions.

TCM Interpretation

In TCM, pleurisy with effusion is seen as heat and water mutually binding in the chest, obstructing the normal flow of Qi and fluids. This creates chest pain, difficulty breathing, and often a feeling of fullness. The condition is an acute excess pattern requiring strong drainage.

Why Da Xian Xiong Wan Helps

Da Xian Xiong Wan directly attacks the heat-water bind. Da Huang and Mang Xiao purge heat and unblock the bowels, while Ting Li Zi and Xing Ren expel water from the chest and direct Qi downward, reducing effusion and relieving pain.

Also commonly used for

Acute Pancreatitis

Purges heat and breaks bind to relieve epigastric hardness and pain

What This Formula Does

Every TCM formula has a specific set of actions — here's what Da Xian Xiong Wan does in the body, explained in both everyday and TCM terms

Therapeutic focus

In practical terms, Da Xian Xiong Wan is primarily used to support these areas of health:

TCM Actions

In TCM terminology, these are the specific therapeutic actions that Da Xian Xiong Wan performs to restore balance in the body:

How It Addresses the Root Cause

TCM doesn't just suppress symptoms — it aims to resolve the underlying imbalance. Here's how Da Xian Xiong Wan works at the root level.

This formula addresses the condition where heat and water mutually bind in the chest and epigastrium, forming a chest bind (结胸). It typically arises when an external Tai Yang disease is improperly purged, causing heat to sink inward and combine with body fluids. The resulting stagnation of heat and water creates hardness, fullness, and severe pain in the chest and epigastrium, often accompanied by neck stiffness, spontaneous sweating, constipation, and a deep forceful pulse. The obstruction of Qi and fluids in the upper body is the core pathology.

Formula Properties

Every formula has an inherent temperature, taste, and affinity for specific organs — these properties determine how it interacts with the body

Overall Temperature

Cold

Taste Profile

Predominantly bitter and salty — bitter to drain downward and purge heat, salty to soften hardness and promote bowel movement.

Channels Entered

Ingredients

4 herbs

The herbs that make up Da Xian Xiong Wan, organized by their role in the prescription

King — Main ingredient driving the formula
Deputy — Assists and enhances the King
Assistant — Supports or moderates other herbs
Envoy — Directs the formula to its target
King — Main ingredient driving the formula
Da Huang

Da Huang

Rhubarb root and rhizome

Dosage 6 - 12g
Temperature Cold
Taste Bitter (苦 kǔ)
Organ Affinity Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine, Liver, Pericardium

Role in Da Xian Xiong Wan

Purges heat and unblocks the bowels to drain the accumulated heat and water from the chest and epigastrium.
Deputy — Assists and enhances the King
Ting Li Zi

Ting Li Zi

Pepperweed seed

Dosage 3 - 9g
Temperature Cold
Taste Acrid / Pungent (辛 xīn), Bitter (苦 kǔ)
Organ Affinity Lungs, Urinary Bladder

Role in Da Xian Xiong Wan

Expels water from the chest and directs downward, targeting the fluid accumulation that causes hardness and pain.
Assistant — Supports or moderates other herbs
Mang Xiao

Mang Xiao

Mirabilite

Dosage 3 - 9g
Temperature Cold
Taste Bitter (苦 kǔ), Salty (咸 xián)
Organ Affinity Stomach, Large Intestine

Role in Da Xian Xiong Wan

Softens hardness and assists Da Huang in purging heat and breaking the chest bind.
Envoy — Directs the formula to its target
Xing Ren

Xing Ren

Bitter apricot kernel

Dosage 3 - 9g
Temperature Slightly Warm
Taste Bitter (苦 kǔ)
Organ Affinity Lungs, Large Intestine

Role in Da Xian Xiong Wan

Directs Qi downward and moistens, guiding the formula to the chest and alleviating neck stiffness.

Why This Combination Works

How the herbs in Da Xian Xiong Wan complement each other

Overall strategy

The formula powerfully drains heat and expels water to break the chest bind, using a pill form for a slower, more sustained action on the upper body.

King herbs

Da Huang (大黄) serves as the King herb, vigorously purging heat and unblocking the bowels to lead the accumulated heat and water downward.

Deputy herbs

Ting Li Zi (葶苈子) reinforces the King by expelling water from the chest and directing Qi downward, specifically targeting the fluid accumulation that causes hardness and pain.

Assistant herbs

Mang Xiao (芒硝) assists by softening hardness and enhancing the purging action, helping to dissolve the binding masses.

Envoy herbs

Xing Ren (杏仁) directs Qi downward and moistens, guiding the formula to the chest and alleviating the neck stiffness that often accompanies this pattern.

Notable synergies

The combination of Da Huang and Mang Xiao creates a strong purgative synergy that drains heat and softens hardness. Ting Li Zi and Xing Ren together powerfully expel water from the chest while directing Qi downward.

How to Prepare

Traditional preparation instructions for Da Xian Xiong Wan

Grind Da Huang and Ting Li Zi into a fine powder. Add Xing Ren and Mang Xiao, then grind together until the mixture becomes like a paste. Form into pills the size of a large bullet (about 6-9 g each). Separately grind Gan Sui into a very fine powder.

To administer: Take one pill, add 1 qian bi (about 1.5 g) of Gan Sui powder, 2 ge (about 40 ml) of honey, and 2 sheng (about 400 ml) of water. Boil until reduced to 1 sheng (about 200 ml). Take warm as a single dose. If bowel movement does not occur overnight, repeat the dose until evacuation is achieved, then stop.

Educational content — always consult a qualified healthcare provider or TCM practitioner before using any herbal formula.

Contraindications

Situations where Da Xian Xiong Wan should not be used or requires extra caution

Avoid

Pregnancy: The formula contains Gan Sui (Euphorbia kansui), a toxic herb with strong downward action that may cause uterine contractions and miscarriage. Da Huang (Rhubarb) and Mang Xiao (Mirabilite) also have potent purgative effects that can endanger pregnancy.

Avoid

Breastfeeding: The toxic components of Gan Sui and the strong purgative effects of Da Huang may be transferred to the infant via breast milk, posing a risk of toxicity, diarrhea, and electrolyte imbalance.

Avoid

Spleen-Stomach cold deficiency or general weakness: This formula is extremely cold and draining; using it in patients with cold-deficiency patterns, weak digestion, or frail constitution can severely damage the Spleen and Stomach Qi, leading to collapse of Yang.

Caution

Severe liver or kidney disease: The formula contains toxic herbs (Gan Sui) and strong purgatives that may further stress already compromised liver or kidney function. Use only with extreme caution if at all.

Avoid

Active gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer: The purgative herbs may irritate the GI tract and worsen bleeding or perforation.

Special Populations

Important considerations for pregnancy, breastfeeding, and pediatric use

Pregnancy

Contraindicated — contains Gan Sui (Euphorbia kansui), a toxic herb that may stimulate uterine contractions and lead to miscarriage. Da Huang and Mang Xiao have strong downward-purging effects that can also endanger the pregnancy.

Breastfeeding

Contraindicated — the formula contains the toxic herb Gan Sui, which may be excreted in breast milk and cause serious adverse effects in the nursing infant. Da Huang may also cause diarrhea and electrolyte disturbances. Not recommended during breastfeeding. No specific data on breast milk transfer exists; caution is essential.

Children

Not recommended for children. The formula contains Gan Sui, which is toxic, and extremely harsh purgatives that can cause severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. No established pediatric dosing. Should be avoided unless under exceptional circumstances with strict medical supervision and only for extreme excess-heat patterns in older children.

Drug Interactions

If you are taking pharmaceutical medications, be aware of these potential interactions with Da Xian Xiong Wan

No well-documented drug interactions. However, due to the formula's strong purgative actions and the potential toxicity of Gan Sui, concurrent use with prescription medications should be carefully monitored by a qualified practitioner. Caution is advised with anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs (Da Huang may affect blood clotting), other laxatives (risk of severe diarrhea and electrolyte loss), and drugs that depend on consistent gastrointestinal absorption. This formula should not be combined with other purgatives or drastic remedies.

Usage Guidance

Practical advice for getting the most out of Da Xian Xiong Wan

Best time to take

Take one pill warm on an empty stomach in the morning for best purgative effect. If no bowel movement occurs by the next day, a second dose may be taken under guidance.

Typical duration

Short-term acute use only: typically 1–3 doses. Stop once bowel movement is achieved and symptoms improve. Do not use for more than a few days without direct practitioner supervision.

Dietary advice

Avoid raw, cold, and greasy foods while taking this formula. Do not consume spicy or fried foods, as they generate heat and phlegm that can worsen the condition. Avoid alcohol and caffeine. Do not take with antacids containing calcium or magnesium, as they may interfere with Da Huang's absorption. It is best to eat light, easily digestible foods during treatment.

Da Xian Xiong Wan originates from Shang Han Lun (伤寒论) Hàn dynasty (Eastern Han), ~200 CE

Classical Texts

Key passages from the classical Chinese medical texts that first described Da Xian Xiong Wan and its clinical use

From the Shang Han Lun (伤寒论):

大黄半斤,葶苈子半升(熬),芒硝半升,杏仁半升(去皮尖,熬黑)。右四味,捣筛二味,内杏仁、芒硝,合研如脂,和散,取如弹丸一枚;别捣甘遂末一钱匕,白蜜二合,水二升,煮取一升,温顿服之,一宿乃下。如不下,更服,取下为效。

Translation: “Da Huang half jin, Ting Li Zi half sheng (dry-fried), Mang Xiao half sheng, Xing Ren half sheng (remove skin and tips, dry-fry until black). Pound and sift Da Huang and Ting Li Zi, then add Xing Ren and Mang Xiao, grind together into a paste-like consistency, and form into a pill the size of a slingshot bullet. Separately grind Gan Sui powder to one qian bi, add white honey two ge, water two sheng, boil down to one sheng. Take the pill warm in a single draught with this honey decoction. By the next morning, there should be a bowel movement. If not, take another dose; stop once the effect is achieved.”

From the Dong Yi Bao Jian (东医宝鉴):

大陷胸丸,治热实结胸。大黄五钱,葶苈子炒、杏仁炒各三钱,芒硝二钱半,甘遂二字。上为末,蜜丸弹子大,每一丸,水一盏,煎六分,温服,未利再服。

Translation: “Da Xian Xiong Wan treats hot-excess chest bind. Da Huang five qian, Ting Li Zi and Xing Ren (both fried) three qian each, Mang Xiao two qian and a half, Gan Sui two zi. Powder the ingredients, make into honey pills the size of slingshot bullets. Take one pill with one cup of water boiled down to six-tenths; take warm. If no bowel movement, take again.”

Historical Context

How Da Xian Xiong Wan evolved over the centuries — its origins, lineage, and place in the broader tradition of Chinese medicine

Da Xian Xiong Wan appears in the Shang Han Lun as a pill alternative to Da Xian Xiong Tang, designed for the pattern of hot-excess chest bind (热实结胸) accompanied by neck stiffness resembling soft convulsion (项亦强,如柔痉状). While the decoction uses Da Huang, Mang Xiao, and Gan Sui to fiercely drain heat and water from the chest and abdomen, the pill form adds Ting Li Zi and Xing Ren to specifically target water and phlegm in the upper body, and uses a honey decoction to moderate the harshness. This formulation is thus more suitable for chronic exudative pleurisy or when the pathogenic water is concentrated in the chest rather than the abdomen. Later texts like the Dong Yi Bao Jian (17th century) record a slightly modified version with smaller doses, reflecting its ongoing clinical adaptation.