Ingredient Animal — whole (全虫 quán chóng)

Wu Ji

Black-bone Chicken · 乌鸡

Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson

Also known as: Wu Gu Ji (乌骨鸡), Silky Chicken, Si Yu Wu Gu Ji (丝羽乌骨鸡)

Wu Ji (Black-bone Chicken) is a cherished tonic in Chinese medicine, renowned for nourishing the liver and kidneys, replenishing Qi and Blood, and gently clearing deficiency heat. Often used in soups and herbal dishes, it is especially valued for postpartum recovery, menstrual irregularities, and chronic weakness.

TCM Properties

Temperature

Neutral

Taste

Sweet (甘 gān)

Channels entered

Liver, Kidneys, Lungs

Parts used

Animal — whole (全虫 quán chóng)

Educational content Consult qualified TCM practitioners for diagnosis and treatment

What This Ingredient Does

Every ingredient has a specific set of actions — here's what Wu Ji does in the body, explained in both everyday and TCM terms

Therapeutic focus

In practical terms, Wu Ji is primarily used to support these areas of health:

TCM Actions

In TCM terminology, these are the specific therapeutic actions that Wu Ji performs to restore balance in the body:

How these actions work

Tonifies Liver and Kidneys means Wu Ji strengthens the liver's role in storing Blood and the kidneys' role in storing Essence — the foundational substances for growth, reproduction, and aging. This action makes it suitable for lower back soreness, weak legs, infertility, tinnitus, and early greying of hair.

Benefits Qi and Blood means it directly replenishes both vital energy and red-blood-derived nourishment. This is particularly important after childbirth, major surgery, or prolonged illness when the body is depleted. It improves energy levels, warms the extremities, and restores a healthy complexion.

Clears Deficiency Heat refers to its ability to cool low-grade internal heat that arises when Yin fluids are too low to balance the body. Unlike cold herbs that might damage digestion, Wu Ji gently nourishes while clearing, making it safe for chronic consumption in bone steaming sensation and night sweats.

Patterns Addressed

In TCM, symptoms cluster into recognizable patterns of disharmony. Wu Ji is used to help correct these specific patterns.

Why Wu Ji addresses this pattern

Wu Ji directly nourishes both Liver Blood and Kidney Yin. Its sweet, neutral nature gently tonifies without creating heat, addressing the root deficiency that leads to dizziness, blurred vision, lower back soreness, tinnitus, and menstrual irregularities. By replenishing the liver's blood storage and the kidneys' essence, it restores the nourishing and moistening functions that are lost in this pattern.

A practitioner would look for one or more of these signs

Fatigue

Chronic fatigue due to blood and essence depletion

Pale Complexion

Dull, pale face without luster

Lower Back Pain

Aching lower back and knees from kidney deficiency

Tinnitus

Ringing in the ears, especially at night

Scanty Menstruation

Light or absent periods with pale blood

Commonly Used For

These are conditions where Wu Ji is frequently used — but only when they arise from the specific patterns it addresses, not in all cases

TCM Interpretation

In TCM, anemia is understood as a deficiency of Blood (Xue), often rooted in Spleen Qi failing to produce enough Blood or Liver-Kidney Yin failing to store and nourish the Blood. The result is a pale, lustreless complexion, dry skin and hair, dizziness, palpitations, and fatigue.

Why Wu Ji Helps

Wu Ji is an animal substance rich in the material basis for Blood. Its sweet, neutral nature directly enters the Liver and Kidneys to nourish Blood and Essence. By concurrently boosting Qi, it supports the Spleen's transformation function, ensuring that new Blood can be generated and circulated. This dual action makes it an ideal culinary tonic for chronic, deficiency-type anemia.

Also commonly used for

Fatigue

Replenishes Qi and Blood to fight exhaustion and debility

Night Sweats

Clears deficiency heat and nourishes yin to stop nighttime sweating

Postpartum Weakness

Rebuilds Qi and Blood lost during childbirth

Ingredient Properties

Every ingredient has an inherent temperature, taste, and affinity for specific channels — these properties determine how it interacts with the body

Temperature

Neutral

Taste

Sweet (甘 gān)

Channels Entered

Liver Kidneys Lungs

Parts Used

Animal — whole (全虫 quán chóng)

Dosage & Preparation

These are general dosage guidelines for Wu Ji — always follow your practitioner's recommendation, as dosages vary based on the formula and your individual condition

Standard dosage

内服:煮食,适量,通常每次使用一只(约500~1000g);或入丸散,用量遵医嘱。

Maximum dosage

无严格上限,但过量食用可能助湿生热,导致腹胀、口苦等。避免食用鸡头、鸡翅、鸡脚。

Dosage notes

补益虚损多与补气养血药同炖;产后调养常加黄酒、生姜等温通之品。用于丸剂时,将乌鸡蒸熟干燥后研粉,与其它药末混合制丸。

Preparation

多用于炖汤或煮食,肉与汤同用。制作丸散时,将净乌鸡蒸熟、干燥后研成细粉。

Processing Methods

In TCM, the same ingredient can be prepared in different ways to change its effects — here's how processing alters what Wu Ji does

Processing method

宰杀后去羽毛及内脏,取肉及骨骼鲜用。

How it changes properties

保持原有效能,性平味甘,补肝肾、益气血、退虚热作用直接。

When to use this form

日常食疗、炖汤,用于虚劳羸瘦、产后虚弱、血虚调经等。

Common Ingredient Pairs

These ingredients are traditionally combined with Wu Ji for enhanced therapeutic effect

Dang Gui
Dang Gui Wu Ji 1 whole (~1000g) : Dang Gui 15-30g (in soup preparations)

Wu Ji provides substantial animal-based Blood and Qi nourishment, while Dang Gui (Angelica sinensis) activates and harmonises the Blood, ensuring it moves smoothly without stasis. Together they tonify Blood without causing stagnation, ideal for menstrual irregularities.

When to use: Postpartum blood deficiency with scanty or absent menses, pale face, and fatigue, or during recovery from gynecological surgery.

Shu Di Huang
Shu Di Huang Wu Ji 1 whole (~1000g) : Shu Di Huang 15-24g

Both deeply nourish Liver Blood and Kidney Yin. Wu Ji adds the strength of animal essence while Shu Di Huang (prepared Rehmannia root) reinforces the ability to build marrow and Blood. The pair is a potent yin-blood tonic for severe deficiency.

When to use: For post-illness weakness, bone steaming sensation, night sweats, and severe lower back pain due to Liver-Kidney Yin deficiency.

Huang Qi
Huang Qi Wu Ji 1 whole (~1000g) : Huang Qi 30-60g

Huang Qi powerfully tonifies Spleen Qi, while Wu Ji supplies Blood and Kidney Essence. Together they address the core Qi and Blood deficiency that weakens the body, speeding recovery after childbirth or prolonged illness.

When to use: General debility, low immune resistance, frequent infections, and poor post-operative healing.

Comparable Ingredients

These ingredients have overlapping uses — here's how to tell them apart

Shu Di Huang
Wu Ji vs Shu Di Huang

Both tonify Liver and Kidney Blood and Yin, but Wu Ji is an animal tonic — it is warmer and excels at generating Qi as well as Blood, making it a stronger postpartum and convalescent food. Shu Di Huang is a plant with a richer, stickier Yin-nourishing effect that can sometimes cause digestive bloating; it is better for pure Yin deficiency without Qi weakness.

Dang Gui
Wu Ji vs Dang Gui

Both nourish Blood, but Dang Gui also moves Blood and is used in patterns where stagnation accompanies deficiency. Wu Ji is a heavier tonic that builds substance without any moving action, making it safer in uncomplicated severe deficiency but less suited when circulation is sluggish.

Identity & Adulterants

Related species and common adulterations to be aware of when sourcing Wu Ji

普通白羽鸡或其他品种乌鸡(如旧院黑鸡、略阳乌鸡)有时冒充泰和乌鸡。正品泰和乌鸡必须同时具备前述十大特征,骨、肉、皮均乌黑,而伪品往往黑色较浅或特征不全。可通过观察骨骼颜色、羽毛形态及黑色素含量鉴别。

Educational content — always consult a qualified healthcare provider or TCM practitioner before using any ingredient.

Toxicity Classification

Classical Chinese pharmacopoeia toxicity rating for Wu Ji

Non-toxic

乌鸡本身无毒,但若证属湿热、积滞或实热者误用,可能助湿生热,加重病情。鸡头、鸡翅、鸡脚等部位传统认为易助火生痰,应避免食用。

Contraindications

Situations where Wu Ji should not be used or requires extra caution

Caution

脾胃有湿热、积滞者不宜服用。

Caution

凡实证、邪毒未清者不宜服。

Caution

肝阳上亢者慎食。

Caution

避免食用鸡头、鸡翅、鸡脚,以免助火生痰。

Special Populations

Important considerations for pregnancy, breastfeeding, and pediatric use

Pregnancy

传统用于安胎和产后补虚,一般认为妊娠期适量食用安全。但应避免在湿热、实热证时使用,且不宜过量。

Breastfeeding

乌鸡传统用于产后催乳和补虚,如乌鸡增乳胶囊等制剂,哺乳期适量食用通常安全,有助于乳汁分泌和母体恢复。

Children

可作为小儿虚弱的滋补食品,适用于营养不良、发育迟缓、病后体虚等。脾胃湿热或积滞者不宜。用量应根据年龄和体质酌减,一般用半只或适量煮汤食用。

Dietary Advice

Foods and dietary considerations when taking Wu Ji

服食乌鸡期间,忌食生冷、油腻及辛辣食物,以免影响滋补效果。避免同时食用鸡头、鸡翅、鸡脚,以防生火助痰。

Botanical Description

Physical characteristics and morphology of the Wu Ji source animal

乌鸡(乌骨鸡)为雉科动物乌骨鸡 Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson 去羽毛及内脏的全体。体躯短矮而小,头小颈短,具肉冠,耳叶绿色,略呈紫蓝。遍体羽毛白色,除两翅羽毛外,全呈绒丝状;头上有一撮细毛突起,下颌上连两颊面生有较多的细短毛。翅较短,主翼羽分裂,飞翔力强。毛脚,五爪,跖毛多而密。皮、肉、骨均呈乌黑色。也有黑毛乌骨、肉白乌骨、斑毛乌骨等变异种。典型的泰和乌鸡具备“十大”特征:丛冠、缨头、绿耳、胡须、丝毛、毛脚、五爪、乌皮、乌肉、乌骨。喜温暖、干燥、通风的环境,适合林下散养或集约化养殖。

Sourcing & Harvesting

Where Wu Ji is sourced, when it's harvested or collected, and how to assess quality

Harvesting season

全年均可采收,公鸡约180日龄可屠宰,母鸡在停止产蛋后约60天上市。

Primary growing regions

江西省泰和县(Taihe County, Jiangxi Province)为道地产区,所产泰和乌鸡品质最佳。其他地区如云南盐津、四川沐川、陕西略阳等地亦有养殖。

Quality indicators

优质乌鸡应具备典型的“十大”特征:丛冠、缨头、绿耳、胡须、丝毛、毛脚、五爪、乌皮、乌肉、乌骨。皮、肉、骨均呈深黑色,肌肉结实富有弹性,喙干燥有光泽,眼充满眼窝,角膜有光泽。泰和乌鸡黑色素含量高,肉质细嫩,氨基酸和微量元素丰富。

Classical Texts

Key passages from the classical Chinese medical texts that describe Wu Ji and its therapeutic uses

《本草纲目》:“乌骨鸡,气味甘平,无毒。主治补虚劳羸弱,治消渴,中恶鬼击心腹痛,治女人崩中带下,一切虚损诸病。”
Translation: “Black-bone chicken, sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats deficiency taxation and emaciation, wasting-thirst, attack by evil spirits with heart and abdominal pain, flooding and vaginal discharge in women, and all kinds of deficiency and damage diseases.”

《本草纲目》:“乌雄鸡属木,乌雌鸡属水,故胎产宜之。”
Translation: “The black male chicken pertains to Wood, the black female chicken to Water; hence they are suitable for pregnancy and childbirth.”

《滇南本草》:“补中止渴。”
Translation: “It supplements the center and stops thirst.”

Historical Context

The history and evolution of Wu Ji's use in Chinese medicine over the centuries

乌鸡入药历史悠久,李时珍在《本草纲目》中将其分为乌雄鸡、乌雌鸡、黑雌鸡等,并指出“乌骨鸡,又得水木之精气,故虚热者宜之”。因其羽毛洁白而骨肉乌黑,故有“乌鸡白凤”之美称,被誉为“妇科三大圣药”之一。明代龚廷贤《寿世保元》载有乌鸡丸、白凤丹,后经清代御医加减而成乌鸡白凤丸,成为补气养血、调经止带的经典名方。乌鸡不仅是药物,更是药食两用的滋补珍品,在民间广泛用于产后调养和虚损诸证。